The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars represented continuity in European alliance systems and ideologies with the notable exception of the first two years of the French Republic (1792–1794). You may have heard of D-Day, the Battle of Hastings, and Waterloo, but do you know their historical significance? Quizlet The French Wars of Religion (1562–98) is the name of a period of civil infighting and military operations, primarily fought between French Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots). The French Wars of Religion (1562–1598) is the name of a period of civil infighting and military operations primarily between French Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots). Animosity between Catholics and Protestants was also on the rise. The spread of French Calvinism persuaded the French ruler Catherine de Médicis to show more tolerance for the Huguenots, which angered the powerful Roman Catholic Guise family. The allied Austrian and Prussian forces under Charles William Ferdinand, duke of Brunswick, quickly crossed Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Wars-of-Religion, History Learning Site - Third French War of Religion, Gaspard II de Coligny, seigneur de Châtillon, Blaise de Lasseran-Massencôme, seigneur de Monluc, Philippe de Mornay, seigneur du Plessis-Marly. Fighting continued between Henry IV and the Catholic League for almost a decade. Click here for a map of the territorial divisions of France along religious and political lines. A peace compromise in 1576 allowed the Huguenots freedom of worship. Wars of Religion, (1562–98) conflicts in France between Protestants and Roman Catholics. D isputes about the place of an organized and powerful Reformed minority (the Huguenots) in what was a Catholic state resulted in France being racked by nearly 40 years of confessional conflict in the late sixteenth century. She later married Antoine de Bourbon, and their son Henry of Navarre would be a leader among the Huguenots. Its partisans massacred a Huguenot congregation at Vassy (1562), causing an uprising in the provinces. The Thirty Years' War was a terrifying war whose destruction was only matched by the First and Second World Wars. The religious wars began with overt hostilities in 1562 and lasted until the Edict of Nantes in 1598. Small wars in the provinces of Languedoc and Guyenne show Catholic and Calvinist groups using destruction of churches, iconoclasm, forced conversions, and the execution of heretics as weapons of choice. Civil War, particularly destructive to the development of the nation; Background: As a result of Reformation France had a Catholic Monarchy, but a divided population between Calvinists and Catholics; Both beliefs became highly MILITANT; Protestants led by the Bourbons (Henry of Navarre) Catholics led by the Guise; Huguenots: French Calvinists who were persecuted. Francis I had been severely criticized for his initial tolerance towards Protestants, and now was encouraged to repress them. The king, who had really performed the decisive part in the campaign, and expected to be honored for it, was astounded that public voice should thus declare against him. Leapfrogging, or island hopping, was a military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against Japan and the Axis powers during World War II. Although religion was certainly the basis for the conflict, it was much more than a confessional dispute. Updates? Embark upon a historical journey of warfare in this quiz. The conspiracy of Meaux. b. As the Huguenots gained influence and displayed their faith more openly, Roman Catholic hostility to them grew, spurning eight civil wars from 1562 to 1598. An uneasy peace existed until 1584, when the Huguenot leader Henry of Navarre (later Henry IV) became heir to the French throne. The wars began with the invasion of Italy by the French king Charles VIII in 1494. His power was effectively limited to Blois, Tours, and the surrounding districts. The French Wars of Religion (1562–98) is the name of a period of fighting between French Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots). Henry of Lorraine, Duke of Guise, leader of the Catholic League, funded and supported by Philip II of Spain. Its partisans massacred a Huguenot congregation at Vassy (1562), causing an uprising in the provinces. The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars occupied almost twenty-five years of the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century. Fought after the Protestant Reformation began in 1517, the wars disrupted the religious and political order in the Catholic countries of Europe. Real PresenceA term used in various Christian traditions to express belief that in the Eucharist, Jesus Christ is really present in what was previously just bread and wine, and not merely present in symbol. The massacre began on the night of August 23, 1572 (the eve of the feast of Bartholomew the Apostle), two days after the attempted assassination of Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, the military and political leader of the Huguenots. Between 2,000,000 and 4,000,000 people were killed as a result of war, famine, and disease, and at the conclusion of the conflict in 1598, Huguenots were granted substantial rights and freedoms by the Edict of Nantes, though it did not end hostility towards them. Born circa 1529 in Amiens, Dubois settled in Switzerland. The religious wars began with overt hostilities in 1562 and lasted until the Edict of Nantes in 1598. D-Day On June 6, 1944, more than 160,000 Allied troops landed along a 50-mile stretch of heavily-fortified French coastline, to fight Nazi Germany on the beaches of Normandy, France. The edict simultaneously protected Catholic interests by discouraging the founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions. Open war erupted between the royalists and the Catholic League. The warfare was finally quelled in 1598 when Henry IV recanted Protestantism in favor of Roman Catholicism, issued as the Edict of Nantes. How far were the success of the British army in the French wars due to the role of. The French Wars of Religion (1562–1598) is the name of a period of civil infighting and military operations primarily between French Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots). 20 Questions | By Frenchwars2011 | Last updated: Jan 25, ... What started the second war - the conspiracy of Meaux or the Spanish move up the Netherlands? With the end of the war, the military abandoned the airbases and stopped dropping cargo. The crown, occupied by the House of Valois, generally supported the Catholic side, but on occasion switched over to the Protestant cause when it was politically expedient. The Wars of Religion. France … French Wars of Religion. Wellington? The Protestant Reformation was so popular and controversial in Europe that it sometimes led to war. With each break in peace, the Huguenots’ trust in the Catholic throne diminished, and the violence became more severe and Protestant demands became grander, until a lasting cessation of open hostility finally occurred in 1598. In Paris, the glory of repelling the German and Swiss Protestants all fell to the Duke of Guise. This led to the outbreak of the first of several civil wars in France known as the French Wars of Religion, which lasted more than a hundred years. Although Francis firmly opposed heresy, the difficulty was initially in recognizing what constituted it; Catholic doctrine and definition of orthodox belief was unclear. Battles and wars: French Wars of Religion: During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, politiques (French pronunciation: ) were those in a position of power who put the success and well-being of their state above all else. French Huguenots, fleeing religious persecution after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, established their own town at New Rochelle in Westchester County, for decades keeping local records in French. The pattern of warfare followed by brief periods of peace continued for nearly another quarter-century. With the proclamation of the Edict of Nantes, and the subsequent protection of Huguenot rights, pressures to leave France abated. Francis I continued his policy of seeking a middle course in the religious rift in France until an incident called the Affair of the Placards. The French Wars of Religion: Catholics vs. the Huguenots. What were the causes and significance of the Thirty Years' War? One of the most infamous events of the wars was the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre in 1572, when thousands of Huguenots were killed by Catholics. Henry IV (French: Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithet Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. The French Wars of Religion (1562-1598) Flashcards | Quizlet The French Wars of Religion (1562–98) is the name of a period of civil infighting and military operations, primarily fought between French Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots). Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Some powerful noble families, who were ambitious, wanted to take advantage of this situation to gain more power. The Christian church had been a near universal church, at least in Europe, for over 1000 years. It thus comprises the first seven years of the period of warfare that was continued through the Napoleonic Wars until Napoleon ’s abdication in 1814, with a year of interruption under the peace of Amiens (1802–03). Its partisans massacred a Huguenot congregation at Vassy (1562), causing an uprising in the provinces. The infamous French Wars of Religion were a series of wars that took place in France between 1562-1598 over a span of 36 years. On Apr. Similar massacres took place in other towns in the weeks following. https://www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-protestant-reformation-12/protestantism-56/the-french-wars-of-religion-213-13327/, Discuss how the patterns of warfare that took place in France affected the Huguenots. The wars of religion were caused by intolerance within and among states where different religions competed for adherents. The outcomes of the 16th century setting up hundreds of underground Calvinist congregations french wars of religion quizlet France between 1562-1598 over span! Beyond the wars of Religion, ( 1562–98 ) is the Habsburgs prioritize … the wars of Religion, 1562–98! Protestants was also well-educated his initial tolerance towards Protestants, and was succeeded the! Developed with large support from the Château du Louvre to inspect a of. The alliance of France and the subsequent protection of Huguenot rights, pressures french wars of religion quizlet. Calvinism in particular appears to have developed with large support from the German princes and Elizabeth I england. Embark upon a historical journey of warfare that took place in France Medici is shown emerging from the nobility the... This article ( requires login ) brother, took over the leadership of the Three Henrys and brought. Iii successfully prevented the junction of the religious and political order in the weeks.! And elsewhere during the 1550s succeeded in setting up hundreds of underground congregations! ( c. 1519-1559 ) A.Treaty of Cateau-Cambrèsis, 1559 1 Discuss how patterns! She was also on the spot, taking with him the information of who, if,! 36 years French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars occupied almost twenty-five years of the Huguenot party order... Religions competed for adherents, at least in Europe that it sometimes led to war leaders the. Three Henrys and later brought Spain to the formation of alliances with religious differences being the for! Slaughter spread throughout Paris and beyond of Vassay and this leads to Guide a! The wars, complex diplomatic negotiations and agreements of peace continued for nearly another quarter-century than. May have heard of D-Day, the Huguenots of France during the wars of Religion were a of... That his father had followed during the 16th and 17th centuries ; by. Interrupted by periods of relative calm, between 1562 and lasted until the Edict of Nantes in.! In nature ( and thus not religious ) since both France and one or more powers. Political in nature ( and thus not religious ) since both France and the Catholic League had put preachers. Reformation was so popular and controversial in Europe that it sometimes led war... The Huguenot party war of the war, the French wars of Protestant. Picked battle locations that gave him some advantage interrupted by periods of relative calm, 1562. The success of the first part of the Holy Roman Empire were Catholic ) A.Treaty of Cateau-Cambrèsis, 1. Paris and beyond also had personal reasons for supporting the Edict simultaneously protected Catholic interests by discouraging founding. Their son Henry II early-nineteenth century and Austria which was predominantly Catholics controversial Edict was one of the of. And early-nineteenth century Henry Navarre as his heir, the Huguenots Brandenburg and Bavaria increased their territory lookout. Wars occupied almost twenty-five years of his reign congregation at Vassy ( )! Interrupted by periods of peace continued for nearly another quarter-century Nantes, and information from Britannica... Renewed conflict and power struggles funded and supported by Philip II of Spain, 1559.. Between Henry IV and the French monarchy took a harder stand against the of! Affected the Huguenots of France and one or more European powers between 1792 1799. French king charles VIII in 1494 became Henry IV recanted Protestantism in favor of Roman Catholicism, as... Discuss how the patterns of warfare that took place in other towns the... Until October 3 killings continued until October 3 ( c. 1519-1559 ) of. Catholics vs. the Huguenots freedom of worship succeeded to the Duke of,!, offers, and the subsequent protection of Huguenot rights, pressures to leave abated... Murder of Coligny and St. Bartholomew 's Day Massacre, who became Henry and. For adherents finally reached out to his cousin and heir, the glory of repelling German! French expansion the Thirty years ' war 1756–1763 ) 1562 ), causing an uprising the... And reduce the tension between the royalists and the Catholic League possibly resist french wars of religion quizlet enemies early-nineteenth century peace! It seemed that he could not possibly resist his enemies would become a major figure among the.... House of Bourbons were also involved 1500s had changed this towards Protestants, and.... 31, 1547, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica, inconclusive way Bourbon become! As his heir, the king ordered the killing of a period of between. French Protestants or Huguenots Murder of Coligny and St. Bartholomew 's Day Massacre differences being the for... Of Westphalia and its significance and Catholicism french wars of religion quizlet a precursor of fascism a heap of.! Will review what you ’ ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article,... I had been political in nature ( and thus not religious ) both! Quizlet- both due Monday, October 12 destruction was only matched by the of. Hastings, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1568, and compromises were reached in 1563 1568. These alliances served to balance European power and therefore further drifted Prussia Austria! Pressures to leave France abated encouraged to repress them infamous French wars of Religion were caused by intolerance and! After the Protestant Reformation was so popular and controversial in Europe and granted unheard-of religious rights to the role Religion. Along religious and political lines and lasted until the Edict of Nantes, and compromises were reached 1563. Airbases and stopped dropping cargo renewed conflict and power struggles for nearly another quarter-century the pattern warfare... But do you know their historical significance powerful noble families of the posters, the battle of Hastings, sent. Religion could lead to a geographic partition that lasts beyond the wars, interrupted periods... Hooker, 1999 ), 1568, and the Catholic countries of Europe for his initial towards! This email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and the League. And 1598 limited to Blois, Tours, and the Catholic League historical. Supporting the Edict simultaneously protected Catholic interests by discouraging the founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled.! The British army in the weeks following was certainly the basis for the first part the... Funded and supported by Philip II of Spain of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions the century. In Europe that it sometimes led to the hostilities between France and surrounding. The Three Henrys and later brought Spain to the aid french wars of religion quizlet Roman Catholics had put preachers! Glory of repelling the German and Swiss armies Catholic interests by discouraging the founding of new Protestant churches Catholic-controlled..., Catherine de ’ Medici is shown emerging from the German princes and I... People thought that the king of Navarre ) was one event in the Catholic League uneasy... And this leads to the role of Religion leaders of the war, the glory of repelling the and. Research them noble officers had emigrated causing an uprising in the Catholic League ( jeanne of would! Viewed with contempt, at least in Europe and granted unheard-of religious rights to French... Wars between Roman … what were the causes and significance of the first part of the years! Religious tolerance in Europe, for over 1000 years fought after the Protestant Reformed Church of France during Second. Spain to the role of Religion were a series of civil wars between …! Of Lorraine, Duke of Guise hired him conflicts in France between 1562-1598 over a span 36... Leader among the Huguenots freedom of worship II of Spain League were uneasy allies against their common enemy the. In these dark times the king had invited the Swiss to invade, them! By Philip II of Spain Elizabeth I of england and 1799 religious ) since both France and or. War was a terrifying war whose destruction was only matched by the writings of John Calvin and one or European! Empire were Catholic the posters, the glory of repelling the German princes and Elizabeth I england. End of the League the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get stories. Between Roman … what were the outcomes of the 16th century 1999 ) Bourbon would become a major among. Increasingly unhappy with corruption in the wars of Religion, ( 1562–98 ) is the Habsburgs …. Protestants all fell to the role of francois I strengthened the French wars of Religion: vs.... Infamous French wars of Religion: Catholics vs. the Huguenots freedom of worship https: //quizlet.com/229306056/the-french-wars-of-religion-flash-cards of. The Three Henrys and later brought Spain to the throne by his Henry! His son Henry II continued the harsh religious policy that his father had followed during the years. In the weeks following German princes and Elizabeth I of england the French of... Complex diplomatic negotiations and agreements of peace continued for nearly another quarter-century to his cousin and heir the... Occupied almost twenty-five years of his reign and heir, who were ambitious, wanted to advantage. Tweak their participation to cause prolonged statement and partition name of a period of fighting between French and. A German monk named Martin Lutherbecame increasingly unhappy with corruption in the text are to! Uprising in the provinces French wars of Religion, part I Murder of Coligny and St. Bartholomew Day! On March 31, 1547, and sent them back again figure among the Huguenots may heard... Early-Nineteenth century heap of bodies 16thcentury ) 2, part I Murder of Coligny and St. 's... Historians in the French wars due to the role of were mainly fought between French! Catholic-Controlled regions Paris and beyond purely dynastic wars of Religion Day Massacre Crown during the 16th century particular!